Cultural,individual, and familial risk and protective factors associated with depressive symptoms in Pacific youth living in New Zealand

ABSTRACT

This article examines cultural, individual, and familial risk and protective factors associated with depressive symptoms in Pacific youth living in New Zealand. At ages 11 (n = 950) and 14 (n = 931), Pacific youth participated in multidisciplinary interviews that included the Children’s Depression Inventory. Across time points, factors significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms were involvement in bullying and gang activities. Positive parenting was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, and Tongan youth were significantly less likely to report depressive symptoms than Samoan youth. Time-varying factors were gender, problem behaviour syndromes, and maternal education. Gaining more knowledge about modifiable risk and protective factors that contribute to depression in Pacific youth is an important tool to support new approaches that promote adaptive psychological adjustment during adolescence.     

Longitudinal links between maternal factors and infant cognition: Moderation by infant sleep

The current study examined the moderating role of infant sleep in the link between maternal factors (i.e., maternal education, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance) and infant cognition. Data come from 95 African American parent–child dyads. At 3 months of age, infant sleep was objectively measured using videosomnography and actigraphy, from which measures of sleep regulation and consolidation were calculated. Mothers also self‐reported their level of education, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. At 6 months of age, infants completed cognitive assessments, including a measure of general cognitive ability and observed attention behavior. Findings revealed that infant sleep quality interacted with maternal education and sleep disturbances to predict cognition. Specifically, the link between maternal education and infants’ attention behavior was significant and positive for infants with better regulated sleep, but not for infants with poorly regulated sleep. Similarly, the link between maternal sleep disturbance and infant cognition depended on infant sleep quality. For infants with poorer sleep consolidation, increased maternal sleep disturbance predicted poorer infant general cognitive ability. For infants with better sleep consolidation, maternal sleep disturbance was positively related to both general cognitive ability and attention behavior. These findings suggest that infant sleep quality moderates the impact of environmental factors on cognitive functioning.     

Gender,Age, and Place of Residence as Moderators of the Internalized Homophobia-Depressive Symptoms Relation Among Australian Gay Men and Lesbians

Internalized homophobia is a risk factor for depression among gay men and lesbians. The aim of the study was to test whether the internalized homophobia-depression relation was moderated by gender (stronger among gay men compared with lesbians), age (stronger among younger compared with older gay men and lesbians), and place of residence (stronger among gay men and lesbians who live in rural areas compared with those who live in urban areas). An Australian sample of 311 self-identified gay men and 570 self-identified lesbians, aged 18 to 70 years, completed the Internalized Homophobia Scale and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Results indicated that age and gender did not moderate the internalized homophobia-depressive symptoms relation. Place of residence was a significant moderator for gay men but not lesbians. In contrast to the hypothesis, the internalized homophobia-depression relation was significant only among gay men who resided in urban areas. Those who work with gay men should be particularly aware of the significant relationship between internalized homophobia and depressive symptoms among gay men who reside in urban areas.     

Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion in Gay and Heterosexual Men: How They Relate to Childhood Memories,Shame, and Depressive Symptoms

This study explores differences between men who are gay (n = 53) and men who are heterosexual (n = 52) regarding memories of shame events and of warmth and safeness experiences with parents during childhood and adolescence, self-compassion, psychological flexibility, internal shame, and depression. Also, it aims to explore whether psychological flexibility and self-compassion play a role in the association between these memories and internal shame and depressive symptoms. Results confirmed the mediating role of psychological flexibility and self-compassion. These findings suggest the appropriateness of promoting acceptance and self-compassion towards difficult memories in a therapeutic setting with men who are gay experiencing shame and depressive symptoms.     

网络空间视域下的网络沉溺现象分析

随着网络媒介在社会各个领域的渗透,网络沉溺的危害性也日益受到人们的关注.网络沉溺作为一种复杂的社会现象,更多的人认为网络沉溺来自于网络内容的诱惑,而本文则从媒介形式的角度,探讨网络空间与网络沉溺的相关性,以期拓展人们认识网络沉溺的视角.具体分析了网络空间所呈现的三重视域--客体技术层面、主体性意识层面、主体行为层面,并基于此探讨网络媒介形式、使用媒介的心理特征和网络空间行为特性等方面与网络沉溺的关系,并认为网络媒介的双向去中心的互动、意向性的行为方式以及虚拟实践中的多重自我身份等由媒介形式所形成的特质,构成了网络沉溺重要的作用机制.从长远来看,网络空间的形式特质将比网络内容的影响更为隐蔽而有效.     

Group Therapy for Survivors of Severe Childhood Abuse: Repairing the Social Contract

ABSTRACT

This article presents a model for conducting time-limited group therapy with adult survivors of severe childhood abuse who are diagnosed with complex post-traumatic and dissociative disorders. While difficult to engage in mixed groups, these clients can succeed in structured, homogeneous groups focused on responsible participation, social connection and symptom management. Group sessions are organized around verbal promises, “social contracts,” that encourage the client's active, attentive engagement. Gentle confrontation of dissociative defenses is integral to the success of each session. Group guidelines, the provision of structure, and common themes are explained, as are the group therapist's complicated countertransference responses to these clients.     

Chronic Illnesses and Depression Among Chinese Immigrant Elders

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the unique effects of various chronic illnesses on depression in a sample of Chinese immigrant elders. Methods: The data were collected in the Greater Boston area at various social service agencies, social, and religious institutions. A self-administered sample of 177 Chinese-speaking immigrant elders was included in the study. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms in the study. Regression analysis was performed for three measures of depression: 7-selected CES-D scale, its subscale somatic symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Results: Chronic illnesses have various effects on the selected CES-D score, and its subscales under the total sample and the samples of male and female respondents. Conclusions: The findings suggest that medical, psychological, and social work treatments or interventions for depression should take the impact of chronic illnesses into consideration.     

辽宁医学院2005～2009级本科生心理健康状况调查

目的了解辽宁医学院2005级至2009级本科生心理健康状况及发展趋势,以增强心理健康教育针对性和实效性。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对辽宁医学院2005~2009级6 487名本科生进行调查。结果强迫症状、人际敏感和偏执因子检出率逐年增加;女生人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子显著高于男生,而男生敌对和偏执因子显著高于女生。结论本科生心理健康状况呈逐年下降趋势,应大力加强其心理健康教育。     

重新审视伊壁鸠鲁辩证的伦理思想

伊壁鸠鲁的伦理思想在西方伦理思想发展史中占有重要的地位，但常被误解。伊壁鸠鲁对晚期希腊人生问题的诊断从自然、社会与内心三个方面对病态人生提出了诊治思路，由此可见其伦理思想的积极性与辩证性。     

网络文学的青春期症候

网络文学的青春期心理症候,具体表现在排除孤独、寻找娱乐和尝试冒险的写作动机中,表现在超文本性、多媒体性、交互性的网络文学特征与好奇、叛逆、惰性等青春期心理特性的对应中,以及内容和修辞方面体现出来的叛逆性、情绪性、模仿性、狂欢性、游戏性等.网络文学这种青春期心理症候与网络文学创作者的社会(群体)无意识相关,创作者通过象征性符号方式"弑父",并通过重塑网络文学"新英雄"而得以成长.而网络技术霸权与网络媒体相勾结导致网络文学青春期症候的市场化.